Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

11:03
An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
Published on: December 4, 2017
Comment on "On the Crooks fluctuation theorem and the Jarzynski equality" [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 091101 (2008)]
The Journal of Chemical Physics
|July 2, 2009
Summary
The Jarzynski equality and Crooks fluctuation theorem are consistent for Brownian motion, contrary to recent claims. This study reaffirms their self-consistency under original definitions.
Area of Science:
- Statistical mechanics
- Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
- Physical chemistry
Background:
- A recent study questioned the self-consistency of the Jarzynski equality (JE) and Crooks fluctuation theorem (CFT) for Brownian processes.
- This argument was based on specific interpretations of these fundamental theorems in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.
Discussion:
- This work re-examines the self-consistency of the JE and CFT using their original definitions.
- The analysis focuses on a simple Brownian process to rigorously test the theoretical framework.
Key Insights:
- The self-consistency condition between the Jarzynski equality and Crooks fluctuation theorem holds true for simple Brownian processes.
- The original formulations of JE and CFT are robust and applicable to the studied system.
Outlook:
- Further theoretical investigations can explore the applicability of JE and CFT in more complex systems.
- This clarification supports the continued use of JE and CFT in non-equilibrium thermodynamics research.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Calculation of First-Law Quantities II
The first law of thermodynamics establishes that the change in internal energy of a system is given by ΔU = q + w, where q is the heat exchanged, and w is the work performed. For a perfect gas, both internal energy (U) and enthalpy (H) depend solely on temperature. Consequently, for any change of state, whether reversible or irreversible, the internal energy change is determined by integrating the heat capacity at constant volume, and the enthalpy change by integrating the heat capacity at...
Ostwald’s Dilution Law
Consider a binary electrolyte AB with a concentration ‘c’ that reversibly dissociates into its constituent ions. The degree of this dissociation is represented by ⍺. This means that the equilibrium concentration of each ionic species can be expressed as ⍺c. As well as this, the fraction of the electrolyte that remains undissociated at equilibrium is given by (1−⍺). The corresponding equilibrium concentration for this undissociated portion is then calculated as (1−⍺)c. For such solutions,...
Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle
When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas
A mole is defined as the amount of any substance that contains as many molecules as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. An Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856) formed the hypothesis that equal volumes of gas at equal pressure and temperature contain equal numbers of molecules, independent of the type of gas. Later, the hypothesis was developed to form the SI unit for measuring the amount of any substance.
The number of molecules in one mole is called Avogadro's number...
The number of molecules in one mole is called Avogadro's number...

