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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
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Published on: May 23, 2025

Pulsatile insulin delivery through the ocular route.

V Soni1, R Singh, R Srinivasan

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Drug Delivery
|July 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed temperature-sensitive liposomal insulin for controlled ocular delivery. This formulation shows potential for prolonged drug release and pulsatile insulin delivery, improving treatment options.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Ocular drug delivery presents challenges due to rapid clearance and low bioavailability.
  • Controlled and prolonged delivery of therapeutic agents like insulin is crucial for managing ocular conditions.
  • Liposomal systems offer a promising approach for encapsulating and releasing drugs in a sustained manner.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a liposomal system for controlled and prolonged ocular delivery of insulin.
  • To evaluate the influence of temperature on the liposomal formulation.
  • To assess the in vitro and in vivo performance of the insulin-loaded liposomes.

Main Methods:

  • Liposomal systems were prepared using the cast film method with various lipids.
  • Characterization included physical attributes (shape, size, charge) and encapsulation efficiency.
  • In vitro drug release studies utilized a Franz diffusion cell with artificial tear solution.
  • In vivo studies involved monitoring blood glucose levels in rabbits after ocular instillation.

Main Results:

  • The liposomal system demonstrated successful encapsulation of insulin.
  • Formulation characteristics were evaluated, and temperature effects were studied.
  • In vitro studies showed sustained insulin release over prolonged periods.
  • In vivo experiments confirmed the potential for blood glucose level modulation in rabbits.

Conclusions:

  • The developed liposomal system is a viable strategy for controlled and prolonged ocular insulin delivery.
  • Temperature-sensitive liposomes can achieve pulsatile insulin delivery, offering therapeutic advantages.
  • This approach holds promise for improved management of ocular diseases requiring insulin therapy.