A simple nonmydriatic self-retinal imaging procedure using a Kowa Genesis-D hand-held digital fundus camera

Research on vascular adaptation to microgravity in the central nervous system requires a simple, noninvasive, direct imaging technique that can be performed with compact equipment. In this report we describe a practical, nonmydriatic, retinal self-imaging technique using a Kowa Genesis-D hand-held digital camera and a Black and Decker laser level. This simple technique will be useful to clinical physiologists conducting microgravity research, as well as for the studies of high-altitude medicine and aviation physiology.