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Related Concept Videos

Ascites01:19

Ascites

DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Laparoscopic Anatomical Liver Segment VII Resection with Liver Parenchymal Transection Following a Priority Approach
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Laparoscopic Anatomical Liver Segment VII Resection with Liver Parenchymal Transection Following a Priority Approach

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TIPS for refractory ascites: a single-centre experience.

Ulrich Thalheimer1, Gioacchino Leandro, Dimitrios N Samonakis

  • 1The Sheila Sherlock Hepatobiliarypancreatic and Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.

Journal of Gastroenterology
|July 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Limited diameter Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) effectively controls refractory ascites. This approach may simplify procedures and follow-up while managing encephalopathy risks.

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Published on: December 4, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Refractory ascites management often involves Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS).
  • Post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy is a significant complication, necessitating careful procedural consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of limited diameter TIPS in controlling refractory ascites.
  • To assess the impact of this technique on patient mortality and the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.

Main Methods:

  • TIPS procedure was successfully performed on 56 patients with refractory ascites.
  • Initial stent dilatation was limited to 6 mm.
  • Further dilatation was avoided if portal pressure gradient (PPG) reduction exceeded 25%.

Main Results:

  • Ascites control rates were 58% at 1 month, increasing to 93% by 12 months.
  • Mortality rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 10%, 29%, 37%, and 50%, respectively.
  • Hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 48% of patients, with most cases being low-grade and responsive to treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Limited diameter TIPS is effective for managing refractory ascites.
  • This technique may simplify the TIPS procedure and subsequent patient follow-up.
  • The approach appears to balance ascites control with manageable encephalopathy rates.