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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
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Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model
04:26

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

Alvimopan for postoperative ileus.

Heather R Bream-Rouwenhorst1, Matthew A Cantrell

  • 1Pharmacy Service (119), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 601 Highway 6 West, Iowa City, IA 52246-2208, USA. heather-bream@uiowa.edu

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|July 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Alvimopan, a peripherally acting mu-opioid antagonist, accelerates bowel function recovery and reduces hospital stays by about a day after specific surgeries. Long-term safety concerns and limited use may restrict its application.

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Colonial Wig Pancreaticojejunostomy
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Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
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07:49

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Published on: March 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology
  • Surgical Care

Background:

  • Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication following abdominal surgery.
  • Opioid analgesics used for pain management can exacerbate POI.
  • Alvimopan offers a targeted approach to mitigate POI by antagonizing peripheral mu-opioid receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy, safety, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and administration of alvimopan for treating postoperative ileus.
  • To assess alvimopan's impact on the return of bowel function and hospital discharge time.
  • To evaluate the safety profile of alvimopan, including potential long-term adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on alvimopan's use in postoperative ileus.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data regarding efficacy and safety outcomes.
  • Examination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.

Main Results:

  • Alvimopan shortened the return of bowel function and time to discharge by approximately one day in patients undergoing bowel resection with primary anastomosis.
  • No benefit was observed in patients after hysterectomy.
  • Adverse events were similar to placebo when used short-term (≤7 days); however, long-term studies raised concerns about cardiovascular events, neoplasms, and fractures.

Conclusions:

  • Alvimopan is effective in accelerating gastrointestinal recovery after certain surgeries but has a limited indication.
  • Long-term safety concerns and restricted access may limit its widespread clinical adoption.
  • Further pharmacoeconomic analyses are needed to fully assess its value.