Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice
Published on: February 24, 2023
Peculiarities of the continuous glucose monitoring data stream and their impact on developing closed-loop control
Boris Kovatchev1, William Clarke
1Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.
Abstract:
Therapeutic advances in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are currently focused on developing a closed-loop control system using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), subcutaneous insulin delivery, and a control algorithm. Because a CGM assesses blood glucose indirectly (and therefore often inaccurately), it limits the effectiveness of the controller. In order to improve the quality of CGM data, a series of analyses are suggested. These analyses evaluate and compensate for CGM errors, assess risks associated with glucose variability, predict glucose fluctuation, and forecast hypo- and hyperglycemia. These analyses are illustrated with data collected using the MiniMed CGMS® (Medtronic, Northridge, CA) and Freestyle Navigator(™) (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA). It is important to remember that traditional statistics do not work with CGM data because consecutive CGM readings are highly interdependent.
Related Concept Videos
Open and closed-loop control systems
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal and...
Pulse rhythm
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Feedback Loops
Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview
Feedback control systems
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...

