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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Kinesthetic compensation for sensorimotor rearrangements.

Stephen R Ellis1, Bernard D Adelstein

  • 1NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94619, USA. stephen.r.ellis@nasa.gov

Journal of Motor Behavior
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a new sensorimotor phenomenon where the brain uses kinesthetic information from one hand to adjust for rotational changes, improving control efficiency. Conscious awareness and hand posture significantly influence this compensatory mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Control
  • Sensorimotor Integration

Background:

  • Sensorimotor control involves complex integration of sensory feedback and motor commands.
  • Understanding how the brain adapts to altered sensory-motor mappings is crucial for rehabilitation and understanding human performance.
  • Previous research suggests a hierarchical organization in bimanual coordination, with one hand potentially serving as a reference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel sensorimotor phenomenon involving compensatory adjustments to rotational rearrangements.
  • To investigate the role of conscious awareness and hand posture in this compensatory mechanism.
  • To model the observed sensorimotor phenomenon using a computational approach.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed sensorimotor tasks involving rotational rearrangements.
  • Kinesthetic information and hand posture were manipulated and assessed.
  • Behavioral data, including movement trajectories and control inefficiency, were analyzed.
  • A constant-angular-targeting-error model was employed to simulate movement trajectories.

Main Results:

  • A new sensorimotor phenomenon was identified where participants compensated for rotational rearrangements using hand-sensed kinesthetic information.
  • Compensation effectiveness was enhanced by conscious awareness and influenced by hand posture.
  • Control inefficiency was reduced by up to 64% in specific misalignments.
  • Both right and left hands were found to be equally effective in providing reference cues in right-handed participants.
  • The constant-angular-targeting-error model successfully captured the observed movement trajectories and provided a parameter for error.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the concept of one hand providing a reference frame for the other in bimanual tasks, akin to a closed kinematic chain.
  • Conscious processing and hand configuration play significant roles in sensorimotor adaptation and compensation.
  • The developed model offers a valuable tool for understanding and quantifying sensorimotor adaptation in the context of targeting movements.