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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Brief cognitive screening instruments: an update.

Zahinoor Ismail1, Tarek K Rajji, Kenneth I Shulman

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Geriatric Mental Health Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada. zahinoor@gmail.com

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dementia is under-diagnosed in older adults. While the Mini Mental State Exam is common, newer tools like the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) offer better sensitivity and cultural fairness for cognitive screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Primary Care

Background:

  • Dementia is a growing public health concern, particularly in aging populations.
  • Early detection through cognitive screening is crucial for timely intervention and management.
  • Under-diagnosis of dementia remains a significant challenge in both primary care and geriatric settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on cognitive screening methods.
  • To focus on brief screening tools suitable for primary care and geriatric services.
  • To identify effective instruments for detecting cognitive impairment in elderly individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A Medline search was conducted using keywords 'cognitive screening', 'cognitive assessment', and 'dementia screening'.
  • Articles published in English since 1998 were included.
  • Emphasis was placed on instruments frequently used in primary care and geriatric settings, including those recommended in previous reviews.

Main Results:

  • 679 abstracts were retrieved and reviewed.
  • Established instruments like the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) are widely used but have limitations.
  • Newer instruments such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) show promise due to improved sensitivity and reduced cultural bias.

Conclusions:

  • Dementia screening is essential, yet under-diagnosis persists.
  • The Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) is frequently used for ruling out dementia in primary care.
  • Instruments like Mini-Cog, Memory Impairment Screen (MIS), General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) are valuable for cognitive assessment in primary and geriatric care.