Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

Plant Hormones

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.

Plant Hormones

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...

Microtubules in Signaling

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

ARF19 acts as a transient auxin response enhancer during root gravitropism.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

Recruitment of bifunctional regulator thermospermine to methylated ribosomes directs xylem fate.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

AHP4 attenuates cytokinin signalling in the phloem companion cells to control root growth under osmotic stress.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2026

Same author

Elucidating tissue and subcellular specificity of the entire SUMO network reveals how stress responses are fine-tuned in a eukaryote.

Science advances·2025

Same author

PHLOEM EARLY DOF genes are induced within clubroot galls as a consequence of cambial stimulation and vascular reprogramming during Plasmodiophora brassicae infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Journal of experimental botany·2025

Same author

Auxin-dependent post-translational regulation of MONOPTEROS in the Arabidopsis root.

Cell reports·2024

Same journal

Advances in nano biomaterials for biomedical engineering.

International review of cell and molecular biology·2026

Same journal

MRI acute/sub-acute ischemic stroke segmentation with deep learning: A comprehensive review.

International review of cell and molecular biology·2026

Same journal

Bioink-based 3D bioprinting: Paving the path for regenerative medicine.

International review of cell and molecular biology·2026

Same journal

Advances in ferroptosis research and applications.

International review of cell and molecular biology·2026

Same journal

Neurodiagnostic: Advances in diagnostic tools.

International review of cell and molecular biology·2026

Same journal

Recent advances in nanomedicine as drug delivery system.

International review of cell and molecular biology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

Cytokinin signaling during root development.

Anthony Bishopp¹, Hanna Help, Ykä Helariutta

¹Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

|July 9, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant hormones called cytokinins regulate cell growth and are sensed via phosphorelay. Recent studies using high-order mutants reveal new roles in root development, including meristem maintenance and vascularization.

More Related Videos

Poplar Adventitious Roots Induced by Stem Canker Pathogens: An Experimental System for Studying Roots Biology and Light Response-Related Processes

Poplar Adventitious Roots Induced by Stem Canker Pathogens: An Experimental System for Studying Roots Biology and Light Response-Related Processes

Published on: October 11, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

Poplar Adventitious Roots Induced by Stem Canker Pathogens: An Experimental System for Studying Roots Biology and Light Response-Related Processes

Poplar Adventitious Roots Induced by Stem Canker Pathogens: An Experimental System for Studying Roots Biology and Light Response-Related Processes

Published on: October 11, 2024

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Cytokinins are key plant hormones regulating cell division and differentiation.
Cytokinin signaling involves a phosphorelay mechanism, similar to prokaryotic systems.
Genetic redundancy previously hindered research into phosphorelay components.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in understanding cytokinin signaling pathways.
To highlight the roles of cytokinin signaling in various root developmental processes.
To emphasize the root as a model system for studying cytokinin signaling.

Main Methods:

Utilizing high-order mutants to overcome genetic redundancy.
Identifying novel elements involved in cytokinin signal transduction.
Integrating findings from recent genetic and molecular studies.

Main Results:

New insights into cytokinin perception and signaling components have been gained.
Cytokinin signaling regulates critical root development stages: meristem maintenance, vascular development, lateral root formation, and nodulation.
High-order mutants have proven effective in dissecting complex genetic pathways.

Conclusions:

Recent research has significantly advanced our understanding of cytokinin signaling.
The root system is a crucial platform for observing diverse cytokinin-mediated developmental processes.
Further investigation into cytokinin signaling in roots promises broader insights into plant development.