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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Quick and Efficient Method for the Purification of Endoderm Cells Generated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Published on: March 3, 2016
Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into anterior definitive endoderm
Alessandra Livigni1, Santiago Nahuel Villegas, Ifigenia Oikonomopoulou
1MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
Anterior definitive endoderm (ADE) is both an important embryonic signaling center and a unique multipotent precursor of liver, pancreas, and other visceral organs. Here we describe a method for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to endoderm with pronounced anterior character. ADE-containing cultures can be produced in vitro by suspension (aggregation or embryoid body) culture and in a serum-free adherent monolayer culture. Purified ES cell-derived ADE cells appear committed to endodermal fates and can undergo further differentiation in vitro towards liver and pancreas with enhanced efficiency.
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