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Related Experiment Videos

Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity.

Anthony G Greenwald1, T Andrew Poehlman, Eric Luis Uhlmann

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. agg@u.washington.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|July 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) effectively predicts behavior, though self-report measures show higher average validity. However, IAT performs better for sensitive topics and incremental validity.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures are widely used to assess unconscious biases.
  • Self-report measures are common but can be influenced by social desirability and impression management.
  • Understanding the comparative predictive validity of these measures is crucial for research and application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the predictive validity of IAT measures compared to explicit self-report measures.
  • To examine how topic sensitivity and intercorrelation influence the predictive accuracy of both measure types.
  • To assess the incremental validity of IAT and self-report measures in predicting behavioral, judgment, and physiological outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a meta-analysis of 122 research reports, encompassing 184 independent samples and 14,900 subjects.
  • Calculated average predictive validity (r) for IAT and parallel explicit self-report measures.
  • Analyzed data stratified by topic sensitivity and intercorrelation between IAT and self-report measures.

Main Results:

  • IAT measures demonstrated an average predictive validity of r = .274.
  • Explicit self-report measures showed higher average validity (r = .361) but with greater variability.
  • IAT predictive validity surpassed self-report for Black-White interracial behavior and showed incremental validity over self-report.

Conclusions:

  • Both IAT and self-report measures offer valuable predictive validity, with each providing unique variance.
  • IAT measures are particularly robust for socially sensitive topics where self-reports may be biased.
  • The predictive utility of both measures increases with their intercorrelation, suggesting complementary information.