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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

G-quadruplex structures: in vivo evidence and function.

Hans J Lipps¹, Daniela Rhodes

¹Institute of Cell Biology, University Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany.

Trends in Cell Biology

|July 11, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

G-quadruplex DNA structures, once only observed in vitro, are increasingly found to play vital roles in vivo. These structures regulate key genomic functions like telomere maintenance and gene expression.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genomics
Biochemistry

Background:

G-quadruplex DNA structures are formed by guanine-rich sequences.
In vitro studies confirm their spontaneous folding.
Evidence for in vivo presence and function is emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent findings on the in vivo occurrence of G-quadruplexes.
To explore their functional roles in genomes and RNA.
To focus on telomeric G-quadruplexes and their regulation.

Main Methods:

Genome-wide analyses to identify G-quadruplex-forming potential.
Review of recent experimental studies on G-quadruplexes in vivo.
Analysis of regulatory mechanisms for telomeric G-quadruplexes.

Main Results:

Functional genomic regions across species are enriched with G-quadruplex-forming sequences.
G-quadruplexes are implicated in regulating telomere maintenance, transcription, replication, and translation.
Mechanisms controlling the formation and resolution of telomeric G-quadruplexes are being uncovered.

Conclusions:

G-quadruplexes are likely important regulators of fundamental biological processes in vivo.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate their roles and regulatory networks.
Understanding G-quadruplexes offers insights into nucleic acid-based regulation.