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Related Concept Videos

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs,...
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...

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Torticollis under cyclobenzaprine.

Reinhard Reuss1, Iris Reuter, Marek Jauss

  • 1Department of Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. Reinhard.Reuss@neuro.med.uni-giessen.de

Pharmacology
|July 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclobenzaprine, a muscle relaxant, can rarely cause torticollis and myoclonic movements. This case highlights the importance of appropriate dosing, especially in patients with liver issues, and suggests biperiden as a treatment for motor side effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cyclobenzaprine, a 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist, is a widely prescribed muscle relaxant structurally similar to amitriptyline.
  • It is commonly used for conditions such as back pain and fibromyalgia.

Observation:

  • A rare case of torticollis and myoclonic movements following cyclobenzaprine treatment is presented.
  • These extrapyramidal symptoms, though rare, have not been previously reported with cyclobenzaprine.

Findings:

  • The patient presenting with torticollis and myoclonic movements after cyclobenzaprine administration was successfully treated with intravenous biperiden.
  • This suggests biperiden may be an effective therapy for managing such motor side effects.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of cautious and appropriate cyclobenzaprine dosing, particularly in patients with hepatic impairment.
  • It may inform therapeutic strategies for managing rare motor adverse events associated with cyclobenzaprine use.