Use of drains in surgery: a review

Drains have been used in surgery for several years to remove body fluids thereby preventing the accumulation of serous fluid and improving wound healing. Drains may be classified as closed or open systems, and active or passive depending on their intended function. Closed vacuum drains apply negative suction in a sealed environment, producing apposition of tissues and thus promoting healing. Correct assessment of clinical indications might reduce unnecessary usage. This article will introduce the principles and practice of various types of drains and highlight the importance of understanding how surgical drains promote quality patient care.