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Related Concept Videos

Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...

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Mannose-binding lectin and innate immunity.

W K Eddie Ip1, Kazue Takahashi, R Alan Ezekowitz

  • 1Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) acts as a Toll-like receptor (TLR) co-receptor, enhancing innate immunity. This discovery reveals MBL

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Innate immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens.
  • Soluble mediators like mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are crucial for innate protection.
  • Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), initiate inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of MBL in innate immune protection.
  • To elucidate the relationship between MBL and TLR signaling.
  • To establish a new paradigm for opsonin function in innate immunity.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies examining MBL and TLR signaling.
  • Analysis of spatial localization of MBL and TLRs within phagosomes.
  • Review of human epidemiological data and mouse models.

Main Results:

  • MBL and TLR-mediated innate immune signaling are spatially linked to the phagosome.
  • MBL functions as a novel Toll-like receptor (TLR) co-receptor.
  • Opsonins, including MBL, coordinate, amplify, and synchronize innate immune defenses.

Conclusions:

  • MBL is a unique soluble pattern recognition molecule.
  • MBL plays a critical role in innate immune protection against various pathogens.
  • MBL coordinates innate immune activation, offering a new perspective on opsonin function.