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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

Lessons from osteoporosis clinical trials.

Stuart L Silverman1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center/UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. stuarts@omcresearch.org

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Multiple randomized, controlled trials provide diverse osteoporosis therapies. Identifying high-risk patients is crucial for trial success, focusing on fracture endpoints over intermediate markers, while considering skeletal and extraskeletal safety.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Osteoporosis research and treatment.

Background:

  • Multiple randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) have expanded the therapeutic options for osteoporosis.
  • These trials highlight the importance of clinical endpoints over surrogate markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the insights gained from RCTs in osteoporosis therapy.
  • To emphasize the significance of patient selection and safety in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from numerous randomized, controlled trials in osteoporosis.
  • Evaluation of different endpoint measures (fracture vs. bone mineral density/markers).
  • Review of strategies for identifying high-risk patients.

Main Results:

  • RCTs demonstrate the value of incident fractures as a primary endpoint compared to bone mineral density or bone markers.
  • Effective strategies for identifying high-risk individuals for clinical trials have been developed.
  • The importance of assessing both skeletal and extraskeletal safety is underscored.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of osteoporosis treatment has been significantly shaped by RCTs.
  • Accurate identification of high-risk patients is paramount for successful osteoporosis clinical trials.
  • Comprehensive safety evaluations, including extraskeletal effects, are essential for osteoporosis therapies.