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Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Inertial Frames of Reference01:03

Inertial Frames of Reference

Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with constant...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
10:51

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

Sensory transformations and the use of multiple reference frames for reach planning.

Leah M M McGuire1, Philip N Sabes

  • 1W. M. Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and the Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

Nature Neuroscience
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Movement planning uses sensory signals from multiple reference frames, challenging the idea of a single frame. Statistical properties of signals and transformations explain gaze-dependent errors, not just neural representations.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
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Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

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Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace
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Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Movement planning integrates sensory signals from diverse reference frames.
  • Sensory transformations are crucial for comparing and integrating these signals.
  • Gaze-dependent errors in reach planning have been interpreted as evidence for specific neural representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a model where statistical properties of sensory signals and transformations dictate their use in movement planning.
  • To investigate the role of reference frames and sensory transformations in reach planning.
  • To challenge existing assumptions about error patterns reflecting neural representations and the preference for a single reference frame.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a computational model integrating sensory signal statistics and transformation properties.
  • Conducted human psychophysics experiments to measure reach planning errors under varied sensory conditions.
  • Analyzed gaze-dependent error patterns to infer underlying reference frame usage and transformation biases.

Main Results:

  • Gaze-dependent errors can be explained by transformation biases, not solely by retinotopic representations.
  • Error patterns do not exclusively reflect the reference frame of neural representations.
  • The proposed model successfully incorporated observed psychophysical data.

Conclusions:

  • Movement planning can effectively utilize multiple reference frames for optimal sensory information processing.
  • A single common reference frame is not necessarily preferable for movement planning.
  • Transformation biases play a significant role in shaping sensory-guided movement and error patterns.