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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
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Pharmacokinetics in special populations.

Italo Poggesi1, Margherita Strolin Benedetti, Rhys Whomsley

  • 1Clinical Pharmacology/Modeling & Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy. italo.2poggesi@gsk.com

Drug Metabolism Reviews
|July 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Understanding how physiological factors affect drug metabolism is crucial for allergy treatment. This review examines how patient variables influence antiallergic drug pharmacokinetics to guide effective prescribing.

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An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
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An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Drug Metabolism

Background:

  • Physiological variables (age, ethnicity, pregnancy) and pathological conditions (renal/hepatic insufficiency, obesity) significantly impact drug pharmacokinetics.
  • Clinical studies often underassess the influence of these factors on antiallergic drugs.
  • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations across different populations are critical considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available information on the pharmacokinetics of antiallergic drugs.
  • To highlight the impact of physiological and pathological variables on drug behavior.
  • To provide insights for predicting pharmacokinetic alterations and optimizing prescription strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on antiallergic drug pharmacokinetics.
  • Analysis of physiological and pathological factors affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
  • Synthesis of data concerning population-specific differences.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacokinetics of antiallergic drugs are demonstrably influenced by patient-specific factors.
  • Variability in drug response can be attributed to differences in physiological states and disease conditions.
  • Limited data exists for certain populations and conditions regarding antiallergic drug pharmacokinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of pharmacokinetic principles is essential for tailoring antiallergic drug therapy.
  • Predicting drug behavior in diverse patient groups aids in safe and effective prescribing.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate pharmacokinetic profiles in various clinical scenarios.