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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model
04:26

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

Pharmacologic options to prevent postoperative ileus.

Yu-Chen Yeh1, Elissa V Klinger, Prabashni Reddy

  • 1Center for Drug Policy, Partner's Healthcare, Needham, MA 02494, USA.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|July 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Chewing gum and alvimopan effectively prevent postoperative ileus (POI). Gum chewing is a preferred option due to alvimopan

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Surgery
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Evidence Synthesis

Background:

  • Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication following abdominal surgery.
  • Effective prevention strategies for POI are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize the available evidence on pharmacologic interventions for preventing postoperative ileus (POI).

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Cochrane Database of Reviews, OVID, and the FDA Web site (1950-April 2009).
  • Included studies comprised meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) specifically evaluating drugs for POI prevention.
  • FDA data was also reviewed for relevant clinical information and drug labels.

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Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
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Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

Published on: September 11, 2012

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
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An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model
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Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
09:44

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

Published on: September 11, 2012

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports gum chewing and alvimopan as effective agents in preventing POI.
  • Gum chewing significantly reduced time to first flatus and bowel movement, and potentially length of stay (LOS).
  • Alvimopan shortened time to a composite endpoint and time to discharge order, though safety concerns (myocardial infarction) were noted in other contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Both gum chewing and alvimopan demonstrate efficacy in preventing POI.
  • Considering safety profiles and cost-effectiveness, gum chewing emerges as a potentially preferred intervention for POI prevention.