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Related Concept Videos

Arithmetic Mean01:08

Arithmetic Mean

The arithmetic mean is the most commonly used measure of the central tendency of a data set. It is defined as the sum of all the elements constituting the data set, divided by the total number of elements. It is sometimes loosely referred to as the “average.”
When all the values in a data set are not unique, the sum in the numerator can be calculated by multiplying each distinct value by its frequency.
Sometimes, the arithmetic mean of a sample can be affected by a few data points that are...
Arithmetic Sequences01:30

Arithmetic Sequences

An arithmetic sequence is a structured arrangement of numbers where each term is derived by adding a constant value, known as the common difference, to the previous term. This consistent pattern allows for the efficient computation of any term within the sequence as well as the cumulative sum of multiple terms. The formula for finding the nth term of an arithmetic sequence is:Here, aₙ represents the nth term of the sequence, a is the first term, d is the common difference, and n is the term...
Base Quantities and Derived Quantities01:14

Base Quantities and Derived Quantities

In any system of units, the units for some physical quantities must be specified through a measurement process. These measurements are the base quantities of the system, and their units are the base units of the system. The algebraic combinations of the base values can then be used to express all other physical quantities. Each of these physical quantities is then referred to as a derived quantity, with each unit being referred to as a derived unit.
The International Organization for...
Accuracy, limits, and approximation01:28

Accuracy, limits, and approximation

Accuracy, limits, and approximations are common in many fields, especially in engineering calculations. These concepts are imperative for ensuring that a given value is as close as possible to its true value.
Accuracy is defined as the closeness of the measured value to the true or actual value. In engineering mechanics, repeated measurements are taken during theoretical or experimental analyses to ensure that the result is precise and accurate.
The accuracy of any solution is based on the...
Relating Angular And Linear Quantities - I01:09

Relating Angular And Linear Quantities - I

If the rotational definitions are compared with the definitions of linear kinematic variables from motion along a straight line and motion in two and three dimensions, we can observe a mapping of the linear variables to the rotational ones.
When comparing the linear and rotational variables individually, the linear variable of position has physical units of meters, whereas the angular position variable has dimensionless units of radians, as it is the ratio of two lengths. The linear velocity...
Introduction to Scalars01:21

Introduction to Scalars

Many familiar physical quantities can be specified completely by giving a single number and the appropriate unit. For example, "a class period lasts 50 min," or "the gas tank in my car holds 65 L," or "the distance between the two posts is 100 m." A physical quantity that can be specified completely in this manner is called a scalar quantity. The word "scalar" is a synonym for "number." Time, mass, distance, length, volume, temperature, and energy are some examples of scalar quantities.
Scalar...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
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Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.

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Quantification of AS and AR.

Yatin Mehta1, Rajni Singh

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India. yatinmehta@hotmail.com

Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia
|July 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides crucial quantitative and qualitative assessments for valvular surgery. This review details TEE methods for evaluating aortic valve stenosis and regurgitation, aiding surgical decisions.

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Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a standard diagnostic tool in valvular surgery.
  • TEE offers independent diagnostic capabilities and supplements other evaluation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review quantitative and qualitative assessment methods for aortic regurgitation and stenosis using TEE.
  • To highlight the role of TEE in surgical decision-making for aortic valve (AV) lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of various TEE techniques for quantifying aortic regurgitation and stenosis.
  • Application of Doppler echocardiography (pulsed wave, continuous wave, color) in conjunction with 2D echo.

Main Results:

  • TEE enables comprehensive evaluation of AV lesions.
  • Quantitative and qualitative TEE data inform surgical interventions, repair corrections, and re-operation decisions.

Conclusions:

  • TEE is invaluable for assessing aortic valve disease severity.
  • Doppler and 2D echocardiography via TEE facilitate complete AV lesion evaluation and management.