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Related Concept Videos

Gauss's Law01:07

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If a closed surface does not have any charge inside where an electric field line can terminate, then the electric field line entering the surface at one point must necessarily exit at some other point of the surface. Therefore, if a closed surface does not have any charges inside the enclosed volume, then the electric flux through the surface is zero. What happens to the electric flux if there are some charges inside the enclosed volume? Gauss's law gives a quantitative answer to this question.
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The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

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Published on: August 12, 2013

Temperature modes for nonlinear Gaussian beams.

Matthew R Myers1, Joshua E Soneson

  • 1Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|July 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a formula for estimating temperature rise from nonlinear acoustic propagation in Gaussian beams. The method offers accurate predictions for thermal bioeffects, aiding in ultrasound applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Thermal Physics

Background:

  • Nonlinear acoustic propagation significantly influences thermal bioeffects.
  • Accurate estimation of temperature rise is crucial for varying operational parameters in ultrasound applications.
  • Existing methods for simulating nonlinear acoustic propagation can be computationally intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an approximate method for rapidly estimating transient temperature rise due to nonlinear acoustic propagation of Gaussian beams.
  • To provide a formula for calculating temperature rise and thermal dose.
  • To validate the accuracy of the proposed method against full numerical calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a previously published method for simulating nonlinear propagation of Gaussian beams to obtain pressure amplitudes.
  • Derived a formula for transient temperature rise based on nonlinear acoustic propagation.
  • Analyzed the temperature-mode series and compared it to the heat-rate mode series.
  • Applied the method to non-Gaussian beams by fitting significant modes to Gaussian functions.

Main Results:

  • A formula for transient temperature rise in nonlinear acoustic propagation of Gaussian beams was successfully developed.
  • The nth temperature mode is weaker than the nth heat-rate mode by a factor of log(n)/n.
  • Predictions of temperature rise and thermal dose closely matched results from finite-difference calculations.
  • The method demonstrated applicability to non-Gaussian beams.

Conclusions:

  • The developed formula provides a useful and accurate approximation for estimating temperature rise under nonlinear acoustic propagation.
  • This method can expedite the assessment of thermal bioeffects in various ultrasound applications.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of thermal dose in therapeutic ultrasound.