Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Time to endemicity of SARS-CoV-2 in a sentinel cohort in the Netherlands: findings from a prospective observational study.

The Lancet. Microbe·2026
Same author

Oropouche virus: transmission, epidemiology, genetic diversity, and public health implications.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern infection repercussions on pregnancy outcomes: A translational cohort study.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026
Same author

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: <i>Anelloviridae</i> 2026.

The Journal of general virology·2026
Same author

Transmission dynamics of Oropouche virus in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Dengue transmission heterogeneity across Indonesia's archipelago: Climate-driven spatiotemporal patterns and policy implications.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2026
Same journal

Globins in the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii shed new light on hemoglobin evolution in bilaterians.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

Is there any intron sliding in mammals?

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

The evolution of the huntingtin-associated protein 40 (HAP40) in conjunction with huntingtin.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

You don't have the guts: a diverse set of fungi survive passage through Macrotermes bellicosus termite guts.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

Mitochondrial DNAs provide insight into trypanosome phylogeny and molecular evolution.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

Stress-related changes in leukocyte profiles and telomere shortening in the shortest-lived tetrapod, Furcifer labordi.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

Rooting human parechovirus evolution in time.

Nuno R Faria1, Michel de Vries, Formijn J van Hemert

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, CINIMA, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. nmrfaria@gmail.com

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|July 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) evolve rapidly, with high substitution rates in their structural P1 and capsid VP1 regions. Their genetic diversity originated approximately 400 years ago, with a common ancestor around the year 1600.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Viral DNA from Nucleocapsids
12:45

Preparation of Viral DNA from Nucleocapsids

Published on: August 16, 2011

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
11:40

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins

Published on: April 17, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

Preparation of Viral DNA from Nucleocapsids
12:45

Preparation of Viral DNA from Nucleocapsids

Published on: August 16, 2011

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
11:40

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins

Published on: April 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Picornaviridae family includes pathogenic viruses, notably human parechoviruses (HPeVs).
  • HPeVs are widespread and diverse, necessitating evolutionary studies.
  • Understanding HPeV evolution clarifies lineage history and population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate substitution rates in HPeV structural P1 and capsid VP1 regions.
  • Determine the evolutionary timescale of HPeV lineages.
  • Analyze evolutionary forces shaping HPeV genetic diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Bayesian phylogenetics with strict and relaxed clock models.
  • Analysis of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions in the VP1 gene.
  • Coalescent modeling with a constant population size prior.

Main Results:

  • High substitution rates observed: 2.21 x 10(-3) for P1 and 2.79 x 10(-3) for VP1 per site per year.
  • Estimated most recent common ancestor around 1600 (1427-1733).
  • Purifying selection dominates VP1 evolution, ensuring strong amino acid conservation.

Conclusions:

  • Provides a timescale for human parechovirus evolution.
  • Suggests HPeV genetic diversity emerged approximately 400 years ago.