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Related Concept Videos

The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea
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Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

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Pattern recognition in menstrual bleeding diaries by statistical cluster analysis.

Christoph Gerlinger1, Jens Wessel, Gerd Kallischnigg

  • 1Global Clinical Statistics, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany. christoph.gerlinger@bayerhealthcare.com

BMC Women'S Health
|July 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a statistical method to classify menstrual bleeding patterns from clinical trials. Ward

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Statistics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Clinically relevant bleeding patterns require objective description.
  • Existing methods lack treatment independence for bleeding pattern analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a treatment-independent statistical method for describing bleeding patterns.
  • To analyze menstrual bleeding diaries from clinical studies involving sex hormone drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Applied four cluster analysis methods: single, average, complete linkage, and Ward's method.
  • Determined the optimal number of clusters using statistical criteria (semi-partial R2, cubic cluster criterion, pseudo-F, pseudo-t2).
  • Assessed the interpretability of results from a gynecological perspective.

Main Results:

  • Ward's method effectively produced distinct clusters, unlike other methods.
  • Identified six distinct bleeding patterns: two desirable and four undesirable.
  • Successfully separated cyclic and non-cyclic bleeding patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Ward's cluster analysis provides a robust, treatment-independent method for categorizing bleeding patterns.
  • Facilitates comparison and categorization of medications and devices impacting menstrual bleeding.