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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

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Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

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A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady...
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
165
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

216
A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
216
Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

4.3K
A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
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Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation
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Rationales for Non-standard GBCA Dosing-Low?-High?-When? and Why?: A Literature-based Study.

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    For decades, researchers sought to reduce gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) doses. New high-relaxivity agents offer a promising path to lower GBCA doses while maintaining image quality, potentially setting a new standard.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Radiology and Medical Imaging
    • Pharmacology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • The standard dose for gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) has remained unchanged for 40 years.
    • Investigated non-standard dosing (higher and lower) of GBCAs for decades.
    • Emergence of high-relaxivity macrocyclic GBCAs presents a viable low-dose alternative.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Systematically review rationales for non-standard GBCA dosing.
    • Discuss the future implications of high-relaxivity contrast agents.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic literature review of Embase and MEDLINE/PubMED (1991-2024).
    • Categorization by clinical indication, GBCA dose, study design, and rationale.
    • Comparison against the standard dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg body weight.

    Main Results:

    • 87 publications analyzed: 43 high-dose and 58 low-dose studies.
    • High-dose rationale: improved contrast (58%) and lesion detection (35%).
    • Low-dose rationales evolved from cost and safety concerns (NSF, Gd exposure) to Gd retention and environmental impact.

    Conclusions:

    • Consistent demand to lower GBCA doses over 34 years with evolving rationales.
    • High-relaxivity, low-dose macrocyclic GBCAs (mGBCAs) show potential.
    • These agents may establish a new standard dose, balancing reduced Gd exposure with high image quality.