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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
09:38

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes

Published on: August 27, 2021

Vitiligo update.

Rebat M Halder1, Johnathan L Chappell

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA. rhalder@howard.edu

Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|July 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitiligo is a skin condition causing melanocyte loss, affecting about 1% of people in the US. Its exact causes are unknown but likely involve multiple factors, with various treatments available.

More Related Videos

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro
06:08

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro

Published on: March 6, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
09:38

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes

Published on: August 27, 2021

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro
06:08

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro

Published on: March 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vitiligo is an acquired skin dyschromia characterized by the loss of epidermal melanocytes.
  • The global prevalence of vitiligo ranges from 0.1% to 2%, with approximately 1% in the United States.
  • The precise pathogenesis of vitiligo is not fully understood and is considered multifactorial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on the epidemiology of vitiligo.
  • To summarize proposed mechanisms involved in the development of vitiligo.
  • To discuss clinical findings, patient assessment strategies, and therapeutic options for vitiligo.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on vitiligo.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data.
  • Synthesis of proposed pathogenetic mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological data indicates a significant global prevalence of vitiligo.
  • Multiple contributing factors are proposed for vitiligo development, including autoimmune, genetic, and environmental influences.
  • Current understanding highlights the complexity of vitiligo pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact pathogenesis of vitiligo.
  • A comprehensive understanding of vitiligo epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation is crucial for effective management.
  • This update aims to equip healthcare professionals with current knowledge for diagnosing and treating vitiligo patients.