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Related Concept Videos

Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
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Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...

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Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis (CASP) - a Standardized Model for Polymicrobial Abdominal Sepsis
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Staphylococcal enterocolitis: forgotten but not gone?

Zheng Lin1, Donald P Kotler, Patrick M Schlievert

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY 10025, USA.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|July 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Staphylococcus aureus can cause severe diarrhea and enterocolitis, even without prior antibiotic use. Early recognition and treatment with fluid management and oral vancomycin are crucial for recovery.

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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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Published on: May 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly recognized as a cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and enterocolitis.
  • This condition can occur in immunocompromised individuals, infants, or those with predisposing factors, often without preceding antibiotic use.
  • Clinical recognition of staphylococcal enterocolitis (SEC) is often limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical features and diagnostic criteria for staphylococcal enterocolitis (SEC).
  • To differentiate SEC from Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation and case reviews were used to identify key features of SEC.
  • Microscopic examination of stool or biopsy specimens for gram-positive cocci in clusters.
  • Microbiological culture to identify S. aureus as dominant or sole flora.

Main Results:

  • Large-volume, cholera-like diarrhea is a distinguishing clinical feature of SEC.
  • Gram stain showing gram-positive cocci in clusters and S. aureus isolation support the diagnosis.
  • Most SEC cases result from recent S. aureus acquisition, suggesting a role for infection prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Improved infection prevention strategies are essential to reduce SEC recurrence.
  • Aggressive fluid management and repletion are critical components of SEC treatment.
  • Oral vancomycin is the recommended therapeutic agent for SEC.