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Conventional and Threshold-Tracking Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Tests for Single-handed Operation
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Interleaved TMS/CASL: Comparison of different rTMS protocols.

Marius Moisa1, Rolf Pohmann, Kamil Uludağ

  • 1High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, MPI for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.

Neuroimage
|July 21, 2009
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Summary

This study shows that combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (CASL) can measure brain blood flow changes. This novel method reveals robust increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in motor areas following TMS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Magnetic Stimulation

Background:

  • Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (CASL) enables quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).
  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of interleaving TMS with CASL at 3 Tesla.
  • To investigate the effects of different repetitive TMS (rTMS) protocols on rCBF.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied a CASL sequence with separate RF coils for blood labeling.
  • Investigated 10 subjects using a block design under 7 conditions, including continuous and intermittent rTMS protocols at varying intensities and volitional movement.
  • Measured rCBF in motor and premotor areas.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated robust rCBF increases in motor and premotor areas due to rTMS, even at 100% resting motor threshold.
  • Observed a linear positive dependency of rCBF on rTMS intensity and the number of stimulation trains.
  • Reported distinct rCBF activation time courses for the two rTMS protocols, not correlating with electromyographic recordings.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of TMS with ASL is feasible and effective for measuring rCBF changes.
  • This novel approach allows for the investigation of immediate and after-effects of rTMS on rCBF.
  • Future research can utilize this technique to explore brain activity changes non-invasively.