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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis

Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that involves the inward folding of the cell membrane to create vesicles that capture and transport large drug molecules. This process comprises two distinct methods: pinocytosis (often referred to as "cell drinking") and phagocytosis (often referred to as "cell eating"). Pinocytosis is...

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Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
07:48

Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: November 10, 2021

Controllable vesicles based on unconventional cyclodextrin inclusion complexes.

Huacheng Zhang1, Jian Shen, Zhaona Liu

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jinan, PR China.

Carbohydrate Research
|July 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created novel vesicles using a unique beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) inclusion complex. These self-assembled structures in water and methanol show potential for advanced material applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) is a well-known host molecule.
  • Ferrocene derivatives offer unique redox properties.
  • Self-assembly of functional molecules into ordered structures is a key area in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of vesicles from an inclusion complex between beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) and N,N'-bis(ferrocenylmethylene)diaminohexane (1).
  • To characterize the structure and properties of the inclusion complex and the resulting vesicles.
  • To explore the stability and behavior of these vesicles in different solvent environments.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for vesicle visualization.
  • UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) to study inclusion complexation.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H and 2D ROESY) for structural elucidation.
  • Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) to determine vesicle size distribution.

Main Results:

  • An unconventional inclusion complex between betaCD and the ferrocene derivative (1) was successfully formed.
  • Vesicles were assembled from this complex in both aqueous and mixed water/methanol solvents.
  • The inclusion complexation and vesicle formation were confirmed by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods.
  • Vesicle size was characterized in various solvent compositions.
  • The vesicles demonstrated sensitivity to oxidizing agents, leading to their disassembly.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the successful self-assembly of vesicles driven by a novel betaCD-ferrocene inclusion complex.
  • The characterized vesicles exhibit unique properties influenced by the ferrocene moiety and solvent environment.
  • These findings open possibilities for developing new redox-responsive nanomaterials and delivery systems.