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Refraction abnomalities are especially frequent with schoolchildren and constitute a frequent motive of medical advice. Authors trys to identify the most frequent refraction abnormalities and their epidemiological characteristics in daily practice at CNHUU-HKM. A retrospective study has been made on a period of 3 years at the ophthalmological clinic at CNHU-HKM (university and hospital national center-HKM) of Cotonou. This study was made on schoolchildren aged from six to fifteen years old who have experienced the automatic refractomety. From 1er January 2000 to 31 December 2002, 93 children, that is 9,2%, went to the surgery for refraction disorders. Patients from 31 to 15 years old were the most represented (63,44%) male sex is prevailing with a sex-ratio of 1,06. on the whole, myopia is the most frequent refractive abnormality with 72,04% distributed in simple myopia (32,26%) and astigmatism myopia (39,78%). Fermale sex people are the most concerned with myopia ; symptomatology from myopia (1 patient out of 3). Finally, myopia gets worse when people get older and is probably due to work intensity. Appears from this study that refraction abnormalities are curable discases; information, education and communication meetings are necessary to heightin public awareness.