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Acute kidney failure in neonatal period
Fakhrossadat Mortazavi1, Sedigeh Hosseinpour Sakha, Nayyer Nejati
1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. mortazavi_fakhri@yahoo.co.uk
Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases
|July 21, 2009
Summary
Neonatal acute kidney failure (AKF) is common, often linked to multiple conditions like sepsis and asphyxia. Intrinsic kidney issues were most frequent, with a 20.5% mortality rate, but most infants recovered kidney function.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Neonatology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Acute kidney failure (AKF) is a frequent complication in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
- AKF often co-occurs with conditions such as sepsis, perinatal asphyxia, and heart failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the types and frequency of conditions associated with neonatal AKF.
- To determine the short-term outcomes for neonates diagnosed with AKF.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for neonates diagnosed with AKF.
- Data were collected from March 2003 to September 2006 at a tertiary care children's hospital in Tabriz, Iran.
Main Results:
- Of 6042 neonates, 151 (2.5%) had AKF. Intrinsic kidney failure was the most common cause (52.3%), followed by prerenal (42.4%) and postrenal (5.3%).
- Associated conditions included perinatal asphyxia (29.8%), sepsis (28.5%), and respiratory distress syndrome (25.2%). Most patients (85.4%) had multiple comorbidities.
- The mortality rate was 20.5%. Factors associated with higher mortality included NICU admission, female sex, septicemia, and mechanical ventilation. Most survivors (76.2%) had normal kidney function at discharge.
Conclusions:
- The incidence of associated conditions and short-term outcomes in neonatal AKF at this institution align with international findings.
- Intrinsic kidney failure represents the predominant form of AKF among the studied neonates.
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