Recognition failure and the composite memory trace in CHARM

The relation between recognition and recall, and especially the orderly recognition-failure function relating recognition and the recognizability of recallable words, was investigated using a composite holographic associative recall-recognition memory model (CHARM). Ten series of computer simulations are presented. Analysis of CHARM and comparisons to other models indicate that the recognition-failure function depends on (a) both recognition and recall being similar (convolution-correlation) processes such that an interpretable representation is retrieved in both tasks and (b) the information underlying both recall and recognition being stored in the same composite memory trace. It is of considerable interest that constructs central to the distributed nature of CHARM are responsible for the model's adherence to the recognition-failure function.