Immunocompetence and oxidant defense during ascorbate depletion of healthy men

To determine nonscorbutic effects of moderate vitamin C deficiency we measured immune function and oxidative damage in eight healthy men (25-43 y) who consumed 5-250 mg/d of ascorbic acid over 92 d on a metabolic unit. During ascorbic acid intakes of 5, 10, or 20 mg/d, subjects attained a state of moderate ascorbic acid deficiency as ascorbic acid concentrations in plasma, leucocytes, semen, and buccal cells dropped to less than 50% of baseline with no scorbutic symptoms observed. No changes in cell proliferation, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, and DNA strand breaks were observed; however, blood levels of glutathione and NAD(P) decreased during ascorbic acid deficiency, as did delayed hypersensitivity responsiveness. Concentrations of the oxidatively modified DNA base, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in sperm DNA and fecapentaenes, ubiquitous fecal mutagens, were increased during ascorbic acid depletion. Moderate vitamin C deficiency, in the absence of scurvy, results in alteration of antioxidant chemistries and may permit increased oxidative damage.