Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

EndoCompass Project: Environmental Endocrinology.

Hormone research in paediatrics·2025
Same author

The Danish Turner Syndrome Cryopreservation study: PROTOCOL for a prospective cohort Study on reproductive outcomes after ovarian tissue cryopreservation in girls with Turner syndrome.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases·2025
Same author

The effect of treatment with somatostatin analogs in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and growth hormone excess.

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society·2025
Same author

EndoCompass project: environmental endocrinology.

European journal of endocrinology·2025
Same author

Suspected Central Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient with Phosphomannomutase 2-Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation.

JCEM case reports·2025
Same author

Effects of Puberty Suppression and Sex Steroids on Weight, BMI, and Lipid Profiles in Danish Transgender Adolescents.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2025
Same journal

EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Exploring the role of parathyroid hormone in sarcopenia: A review.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: an update on diagnostic and management challenges.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Prediabetes before pregnancy: implications for risk stratification and research.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease: update on pathophysiology and new treatment targets.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Revisiting the relationship between weight loss and bone health in people living with obesity: insights from the latest evidence.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Environmental chemicals and thyroid function: an update.

Malene Boas1, Katharina M Main, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen

  • 1University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|July 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Numerous environmental chemicals disrupt thyroid function, posing risks to pregnant women and infants. Regulation is needed to protect neurological development from these endocrine disruptors.

More Related Videos

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are prevalent in the environment.
  • Thyroid function is crucial for development, especially in fetuses and infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of EDCs on thyroid function.
  • To identify chemical groups with known thyroid-disrupting properties.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on EDCs and thyroid function.
  • Analysis of studies investigating mechanisms of action for specific EDCs.
  • Inclusion of mechanistic, epidemiological, and exposure studies.

Main Results:

  • Many common environmental chemicals exhibit thyroid-disrupting properties.
  • Exposure during pregnancy is a significant concern due to potential neurological impacts on fetal development.
  • Chemicals reviewed include PCBs, dioxins, flame retardants, pesticides, perfluorinated chemicals, phthalates, BPA, and UV filters.

Conclusions:

  • Widespread exposure to EDCs threatens thyroid homeostasis in humans and wildlife.
  • Urgent regulation is recommended to limit EDC exposure in pregnant women, neonates, and young children to prevent neurodevelopmental impairment.
  • Further research is needed to assess risks to adult thyroid health.