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Related Concept Videos

Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Inherited variation in gene expression.

Daniel A Skelly1, James Ronald, Joshua M Akey

  • 1Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA. daskelly@u.washington.edu

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations in gene expression drive biological diversity and influence traits. Studies analyze gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) to understand the genetic basis of this variation and its evolution.

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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
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Analysis of Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in C. elegans Using a Fluorescent Reporter and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression variation is a key driver of phenotypic diversity within and between populations.
  • Advances in genomics enable large-scale analysis of transcriptional variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline methods for detecting gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs).
  • To summarize insights into the genetic architecture of transcriptional variation and regulatory alleles.
  • To discuss experimental designs for human studies on gene expression variation.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-scale dissection of transcriptional variation.
  • Detection of gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs).
  • Analysis of human genetic studies.

Main Results:

  • Gene expression variation significantly contributes to phenotypic diversity.
  • Studies reveal the genetic architecture underlying transcriptional variation.
  • Insights into the nature of regulatory alleles have been gained.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding inherited variation in gene expression is crucial for comprehending biological diversity.
  • Future technological developments will deepen insights into gene expression evolution and regulation.