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Related Concept Videos

Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

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Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
15:28

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Published on: September 3, 2009

Sequencing primate genomes: what have we learned?

Tomas Marques-Bonet1, Oliver A Ryder, Evan E Eichler

  • 1Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. tmarques@u.washington.edu

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Whole-genome sequencing advances primate evolutionary understanding, revealing complex genomic changes. Challenges remain in functional characterization due to data limitations and conservation concerns.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of primate genomes have significantly advanced our understanding of primate evolution.
  • Emerging genome datasets reveal complex evolutionary patterns, including structural variations, repeat landscape changes, and speciation models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize progress in whole-genome sequencing and analyses of primate genomes.
  • To highlight the challenges and opportunities in understanding primate genome evolution and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current whole-genome sequencing data and analytical approaches for primate genomes.
  • Characterization of genome structural variation, repeat landscapes, gene expression, speciation models, and recombination.

Main Results:

  • Primate genome evolution exhibits unexpected and complex patterns.
  • Key areas of evolutionary change include genome structure, repeat elements, gene expression, speciation, and recombination.

Conclusions:

  • Functional characterization of genomic differences driving primate speciation and adaptation remains a significant challenge.
  • Limited biological material, phenotypic data, and conservation status of many primate species hinder research.
  • Next-generation sequencing will expand primate genome data, but dedicated efforts are needed to capture full genetic variation within complex regions.