Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

18.8K
The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
18.8K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

88.5K
The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
88.5K
Genomics02:02

Genomics

36.2K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
36.2K
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

9.9K
RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
9.9K
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

753.9K
DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
753.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An encyclopedia of human enhancer-gene regulatory interactions.

Nature·2026
Same author

Autosomal allelic inactivation at loci with variable replication timing and dosage sensitivity.

eLife·2026
Same author

EpiATLAS - a reference for human epigenomic research.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The Vertebrate Genomes Project Phase I: A global reference genome resource.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Harmonizing standards and resources for the medical genome.

Nature·2026
Same author

Germline hypomethylation shapes dynamic CpG reservoirs in ape genomes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

8.6K

Complete sequencing of ape genomes.

DongAhn Yoo1, Arang Rhie2, Prajna Hebbar3

  • 1Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|August 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

High-quality reference genomes for six ape species were generated, offering new insights into primate evolution and genetic diversity. These genomes resolve complex regions, providing a baseline for future comparative genomics studies.

More Related Videos

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
15:28

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

Published on: September 3, 2009

20.2K
3' End Sequencing Library Preparation with A-seq2
12:01

3' End Sequencing Library Preparation with A-seq2

Published on: October 10, 2017

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

8.6K
Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
15:28

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

Published on: September 3, 2009

20.2K
3' End Sequencing Library Preparation with A-seq2
12:01

3' End Sequencing Library Preparation with A-seq2

Published on: October 10, 2017

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Primatology

Background:

  • High-quality reference genomes are crucial for understanding species evolution and diversity.
  • Previous studies were limited by incomplete or biased genomic data, especially in complex regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level reference genomes for six ape species.
  • To conduct comparative analyses with humans to investigate ape genome evolution and diversity.
  • To resolve previously challenging genomic regions for deeper evolutionary insights.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of 215 gapless chromosomes from telomere to telomere for six ape species.
  • Achieving high sequence accuracy (<1 error in 500,000 base pairs).
  • Comparative genomic analyses including the human reference genome.

Main Results:

  • Complete, accurate, and gapless reference genomes for chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan, and siamang.
  • Resolution of complex genomic regions like the major histocompatibility complex and immunoglobulin loci.
  • Identification of novel gene families, segmental duplications, and variations in centromeric and heterochromatic regions.

Conclusions:

  • The generated reference genomes provide a definitive baseline for primate evolutionary studies.
  • This resource enables unbiased investigation into the evolution and diversity of previously understudied genomic regions.
  • Facilitates a deeper understanding of human and ape evolutionary relationships.