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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
10:39

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

Published on: April 16, 2019

Immunomodulation of allergic disease.

David H Broide1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. dbroide@ucsd.edu

Annual Review of Medicine
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Novel allergy treatments like sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) vaccines show promise. Anti-IL-5 may help with severe asthma, but all require more research for safety and efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Allergic diseases represent a significant global health burden.
  • Current allergy treatments have limitations, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding immune system modulation is key to developing effective allergy therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging immunomodulating therapies for allergy.
  • To evaluate the potential of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), TLR-9 vaccines, and anti-IL-5.
  • To discuss the current investigational status and future research needs for these therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on SLIT, TLR-9 vaccines (CpG-allergen conjugates), and anti-IL-5.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data regarding safety and efficacy in allergic conditions.

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Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
10:39

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

Published on: April 16, 2019

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

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Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
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Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

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  • Assessment of mechanisms of action for each therapeutic approach.

    • Main Results:

    • SLIT demonstrates efficacy in reducing allergic rhinitis symptoms and medication use with a good safety profile.
    • TLR-9 vaccines show potential in alleviating allergic rhinitis symptoms during pollen seasons.
    • Anti-IL-5 shows benefit in hypereosinophilic syndrome but limited efficacy in moderate asthma, though it may impact airway remodeling.

    Conclusions:

    • SLIT offers a new oral route for allergen tolerance induction.
    • TLR-9 vaccines represent a promising vaccine-based approach for allergic rhinitis.
    • Anti-IL-5 has specific applications but requires further investigation for broader asthma management.