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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

Euchromatin

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Semiautomated ChIP-Seq Procedure for Large-scale Epigenetic Studies

A Semiautomated ChIP-Seq Procedure for Large-scale Epigenetic Studies

Published on: August 13, 2020

Normal development following chromatin transfer correlates with donor cell initial epigenetic state.

Cameron A McLean¹, Zhongde Wang, Kavitha Babu

¹AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, Private Bag 3123, New Zealand. cameron.mclean@agresearch.co.nz

Animal Reproduction Science

|July 28, 2009

Summary

Donor cell epigenetic markers, specifically histone modifications, can predict the success of cloning. This helps improve animal cloning efficiency and reduce developmental abnormalities like large offspring syndrome.

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Area of Science:

Epigenetics
Developmental Biology
Animal Science

Background:

Chromatin transfer (CT) technology holds promise for animal production and biomedicine, but its efficiency and safety require improvement.
Cloning from adult somatic cells highlights the epigenetic basis of development.
Improving reprogramming efficiency and eliminating developmental issues are crucial for CT's potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the epigenetic state of donor cells can predict cloning success.
To identify key epigenetic indicators for assessing donor cell suitability for CT.
To correlate histone modifications with reprogramming efficiency and developmental outcomes.

Main Methods:

Measured key indicators of cellular epigenetic state in donor cell populations.
Analyzed serially derived cell populations with differing epigenomic status.
Examined donor cell populations with diverse genetic and epigenomic backgrounds.
Correlated histone modification abundance with reprogramming efficiency and incidence of large offspring syndrome (LOS).

Main Results:

Preliminary evidence suggests donor cell epigenetic state is valuable for assessing cloning success.
Relative abundance of specific histone modifications in donor cells correlated with reprogramming efficiencies.
Histone marks also correlated with the incidence of deleterious growth measures like LOS.
Discriminating histone marks in donor cells may predict cloning outcomes.

Conclusions:

The epigenetic state of donor cells, particularly histone modifications, can serve as a prognostic signature for CT.
This approach can aid in evaluating and assessing risks of putative donor cells before CT.
Predicting cloning success based on donor cell epigenetics can increase efficiency and reduce abnormal development.