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Related Concept Videos

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules01:10

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules01:10

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Computer Vision System for the Assessment of Ice Cream Melting Behavior
08:02

A Computer Vision System for the Assessment of Ice Cream Melting Behavior

Published on: October 4, 2024

Erythritol is a sweet antioxidant.

Gertjan J M den Hartog1, Agnes W Boots, Aline Adam-Perrot

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. gj.denhartog@farmaco.unimaas.nl

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Erythritol effectively scavenges hydroxyl radicals and protects against vascular damage in diabetic rats. This simple polyol shows promise as a dietary antioxidant for managing diabetic complications.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Computer Vision System for the Assessment of Ice Cream Melting Behavior
08:02

A Computer Vision System for the Assessment of Ice Cream Melting Behavior

Published on: October 4, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are key drivers of diabetic complications.
  • Dietary antioxidants are crucial for long-term management of diabetes.
  • Erythritol, a polyol, is a potential dietary antioxidant due to its structure and oral availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antioxidant properties of erythritol in vitro.
  • To determine the antioxidant activity and vasoprotective effects of erythritol in a diabetic rat model.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro antioxidant assays (HO* radical scavenging, hemolysis inhibition).
  • In vivo study using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Erythritol demonstrated excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging and inhibited hemolysis.
  • Erythritol was inert toward superoxide radicals.
  • In diabetic rats, erythritol provided endothelium protection, with urinary erythrose confirming in vivo reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Erythritol functions as an in vivo antioxidant.
  • Erythritol may offer protection against vascular damage associated with hyperglycemia.