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Related Concept Videos

Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
05:48

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Perceptual learning for speech.

Arthur G Samuel1, Tanya Kraljic

  • 1Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA. asamuel@ms.cc.sunysb.edu

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults can adapt their speech perception to new language variations, demonstrating a remarkable ability for perceptual learning. This recalibration highlights the brain

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Adults possess extensive experience with native language speech sounds.
  • Highly developed speech categorization processes are typical in adult listeners.
  • Recent research indicates plasticity in adult speech perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on perceptual learning in speech.
  • To explore the recalibration of speech categorization processes.
  • To understand how listeners adapt to novel speech variations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on speech perception.
  • Analysis of research on phonetic space reorganization.
  • Examination of perceptual learning and recalibration paradigms.

Main Results:

  • Listeners can redevelop speech categorization based on new input.
  • Phonetic space recalibrates to align with novel speech variations.
  • Perceptual learning demonstrates adaptability in adult speech processing.

Conclusions:

  • Adult speech perception is adaptable and capable of learning.
  • Recalibration of speech processes is a key aspect of perceptual learning.
  • Listeners can adjust their categorization of speech sounds to new variations.