Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action01:26

Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action

Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Pharmacodynamic Models: Additive and Proportional Drug Effect Model01:09

Pharmacodynamic Models: Additive and Proportional Drug Effect Model

Drug response models describe how pharmacological agents interact with biological systems to produce measurable effects. Baseline responses are inherent physiological activities without a drug significantly influencing the observed pharmacological outcomes. Depending on the drug response model employed, these baseline responses may combine with the drug's effect in either an additive or proportional manner.Additive Drug Response ModelIn the additive model, the drug effect is independent of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Targeting cortico-striatal-amygdalar networks via theta-band frontoparietal synchronization in opioid use disorder: a randomized tACS-fMRI Trial.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Early Life Stress Affects Human Decision Making by Increasing Expectations of Volatility.

Developmental science·2026
Same author

Dissociating volatility and stochasticity reveals transdiagnostic computational signatures of psychopathology.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) for Smoking Cessation in Cancer Survivors: A Path Forward.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
Same author

tDCS Targeting the DLPFC for Reducing Cigarette Craving and Risky Decision Making.

Basic and clinical neuroscience·2026
Same author

Linking electric field pattern to clinical efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation in substance use disorder: A modeling-based meta-analysis.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

A neurocomputational model for cocaine addiction.

Amir Dezfouli1, Payam Piray, Mohammad Mahdi Keramati

  • 1Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. a.dezfouli@ut.ac.ir

Neural Computation
|July 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a computational model for cocaine addiction, explaining increased impulsivity and drug-seeking behaviors by incorporating reduced brain reward sensitivity after long-term exposure.

More Related Videos

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior
10:05

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior

Published on: September 16, 2015

Using Optogenetics to Reverse Neuroplasticity and Inhibit Cocaine Seeking in Rats
09:43

Using Optogenetics to Reverse Neuroplasticity and Inhibit Cocaine Seeking in Rats

Published on: October 5, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior
10:05

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior

Published on: September 16, 2015

Using Optogenetics to Reverse Neuroplasticity and Inhibit Cocaine Seeking in Rats
09:43

Using Optogenetics to Reverse Neuroplasticity and Inhibit Cocaine Seeking in Rats

Published on: October 5, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Psychiatry
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Cocaine addiction is linked to dopamine pathways and reduced brain reward sensitivity.
  • Existing models of addiction do not fully capture long-term drug exposure effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel computational model for cocaine addiction.
  • To integrate the concept of elevated reward thresholds into addiction modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing average reward temporal difference reinforcement learning.
  • Modifying Redish's addiction model to include increased basal reward thresholds.

Main Results:

  • The model aligns with animal studies of drug seeking under punishment.
  • It explains increased impulsivity with non-drug rewards after long-term cocaine exposure.
  • The model predicts a blocking effect for cocaine.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model offers a framework for understanding cocaine addiction mechanisms.
  • It highlights the role of reward system changes in addiction-related behaviors.
  • The model provides testable predictions for future research.