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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
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Published on: November 9, 2019

tDCS Targeting the DLPFC for Reducing Cigarette Craving and Risky Decision Making.

Saba Niknamfar1, Kamaledin Alaedini2, Azarakhsh Mokri3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for smoking cessation. Findings may improve treatments for nicotine addiction by reducing craving and risk-taking behaviors.

Keywords:
Brain wave patternCravingDorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)NicotineRisky decision-making behaviorTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

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Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking is a widespread addiction, with many unable to quit due to craving and risk-taking.
  • Noninvasive brain stimulation, like tDCS, shows promise for treating addiction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To pilot the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
  • To examine tDCS's impact on risk-taking, electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency power, and nicotine craving in smokers.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind study involving 63 smokers with tobacco addiction.
  • Application of sham, left anodal/right cathodal, or right anodal/left cathodal tDCS to the DLPFC for 5 consecutive days.
  • Evaluation of cue-induced craving, decision-making tasks, and resting-state EEG before and after tDCS.

Main Results:

  • This section is to be filled once the study results are available.

Conclusions:

  • This study explores the relationship between tDCS on the DLPFC and EEG frequency power in smokers.
  • Findings are expected to advance smoking cessation strategies and explore tDCS's therapeutic potential for nicotine addiction.