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Specialization in the default mode: Task-induced brain deactivations dissociate between visual working memory and

Jutta S Mayer1, Alard Roebroeck, Konrad Maurer

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. jutta.mayer@kgu.de

Human Brain Mapping
|July 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain's default mode network (DMN) deactivates during focused tasks. This study shows specific DMN regions deactivate based on attention and working memory (WM) demands, revealing a core DMN and task-specific subdivisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • The default mode network (DMN) is active during rest and deactivated during goal-directed tasks.
  • Task-induced deactivations in specific brain regions are consistently observed across various cognitive tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the default mode hypothesis by examining task-induced deactivations.
  • To differentiate common and selective patterns of deactivation in response to visual attention and working memory (WM) demands.
  • To explore functional connectivity within deactivated regions during WM encoding.

Main Methods:

  • Event-related functional resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
  • Visual attention and working memory (WM) demands were independently modulated within a single task.
  • Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes were analyzed to identify deactivation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Task-induced deactivations were observed within DMN regions.
  • A segregation of DMN areas was found: some were additively deactivated by increased attention and WM load, while others showed selective deactivation.
  • Attention-selective deactivations occurred in left prefrontal and temporal cortices; WM-selective deactivations were predominantly in the right hemisphere.
  • Deactivated regions during WM encoding exhibited task-specific functional connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Task-induced deactivations in the DMN are dependent on the specific characteristics of attention and WM demands.
  • The DMN can be subdivided into a 'core DMN' that deactivates universally with cognitive demand and a task-specific component.
  • These findings refine our understanding of brain network dynamics during cognitive tasks.