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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

$Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2$

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Travel-time sensitivity kernels versus diffraction patterns obtained through double beam-forming in shallow water.

Ion Iturbe¹, Philippe Roux, Jean Virieux

¹GIPSA Laboratory, INPG-CNRS, 961 rue de la Houille Blanche, Domaine Universitaire, Saint Martin d'Heres, France. ion.iturbe@gipsa-lab.inpg.fr

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|July 31, 2009

Summary

This study introduces travel-time sensitivity kernels (TSKs) for acoustic tomography. Combining TSKs with beam-forming enhances ray theory

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Area of Science:

Ocean Acoustics
Seismic Wave Propagation
Tomographic Imaging

Background:

Sensitivity kernels are crucial for tomographic applications.
Various observables like travel-time and amplitude have associated sensitivity kernels.
Adjoint formulation, time-reversal theory, and sensitivity kernels are interconnected.

Purpose of the Study:

Derive travel-time sensitivity kernels (TSKs) for acoustic waveguides.
Combine TSKs with a double time-delay beam-forming algorithm.
Isolate and identify eigenrays in multipath propagation.

Main Methods:

Derivation of TSKs for two source-receiver arrays.
Application of a double time-delay beam-forming algorithm.
Analysis of the relationship between TSKs and diffraction theory.

Main Results:

TSKs were successfully derived for the specified arrays.
The spatial shapes of TSKs correlate with source-receiver array direction patterns.
A link between TSKs and diffraction theory was established.

Conclusions:

The combination of TSKs and double beam-forming simplifies TSK calculation.
This approach extends the validity of ray theory in shallow-water ocean acoustic tomography.
Finite-frequency effects are better managed with this combined method.