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Eccentricity of an Ellipse

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An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container. Nichols...
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Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites

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Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem01:12

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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Published on: July 1, 2019

Reassessing the source of long-period comets.

Nathan A Kaib1, Thomas Quinn

  • 1Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA. kaib@astro.washington.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Numerical simulations reveal that inner Oort Cloud objects are a major source of long-period comets (LPCs). This finding helps constrain the Oort Cloud

Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Planetary Science
  • Solar System Dynamics

Background:

  • The Oort Cloud is a theoretical spherical shell of icy bodies believed to surround the solar system.
  • Long-period comets (LPCs) originate from the Oort Cloud and provide insights into the early solar system.
  • The dynamical pathways for LPC production from the Oort Cloud are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the production of observable long-period comets (LPCs) from the Oort Cloud using numerical simulations.
  • To investigate the role of inner Oort Cloud objects in supplying LPCs to the inner solar system.
  • To derive observational constraints on the population and mass of the inner Oort Cloud.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted numerical simulations to model the dynamical evolution of objects in the Oort Cloud.

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  • Investigated a specific dynamical pathway for inner Oort Cloud objects to reach Jupiter's orbit.
  • Used simulated LPC production to infer properties of the inner Oort Cloud population.

    • Main Results:

    • Inner Oort Cloud objects can reach Jupiter's orbit through an unexplored dynamical pathway.
    • These objects are identified as a significant, potentially dominant, source of observed LPCs.
    • Derived constraints on the inner Oort Cloud's population and mass, consistent with planet formation theories.

    Conclusions:

    • The inner Oort Cloud is a crucial source for long-period comets.
    • The inferred properties of the inner Oort Cloud align with existing models of giant planet formation.
    • Large-scale comet showers, like the one potentially causing the late Eocene bombardment, are rare events.