Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Burst-Learning Electrocardiogram Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents: A Single-Center Quality Improvement Initiative.

JACC. Case reports·2026
Same author

Diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography in identifying heart failure related pleural effusions.

Respiratory medicine·2026
Same author

Lorundrostat in Participants With Uncontrolled Hypertension and Treatment-Resistant Hypertension: The Launch-HTN Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA·2025
Same author

Abdominal Compared With Coronary Artery Calcification and Incident Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Black Adults.

Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging·2024
Same author

Publisher Correction: Roflumilast.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2024
Same author

COVID-19 Prevention and Mitigation Decision-Making Processes While Navigating Chronic Disease Care: Perspectives of Black Adults with Heart Failure and Diabetes.

Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities·2024
Same journal

R&D productivity trends for biopharma companies in Asia and emerging markets.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026
Same journal

Growth in clinical research capability in China and impact on the pharmaceutical sector.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026
Same journal

Circular RNA guides exon skipping in DMD.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026
Same journal

p38α inhibition restores axonal transport.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026
Same journal

Inflammatory bowel disease-on-a-chip.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026
Same journal

Designing GPCR-targeted miniproteins.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Continuous IV Infusion is the Choice Treatment Route for Arginine-vasopressin Receptor Blocker Conivaptan in Mice to Study Stroke-evoked Brain Edema
08:44

Continuous IV Infusion is the Choice Treatment Route for Arginine-vasopressin Receptor Blocker Conivaptan in Mice to Study Stroke-evoked Brain Edema

Published on: September 1, 2016

Tolvaptan.

Jalal K Ghali1, Bashar Hamad, Uma Yasothan

  • 1Harper University Hospital, 3990 John R Street, 9 Webber Core, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. JGhali@dmc.org

Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
|August 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V(2) receptor antagonist, is approved for treating hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia. This medication offers a new therapeutic option for patients with these specific electrolyte imbalances.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump
06:08

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

Published on: March 11, 2017

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
06:14

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: October 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Continuous IV Infusion is the Choice Treatment Route for Arginine-vasopressin Receptor Blocker Conivaptan in Mice to Study Stroke-evoked Brain Edema
08:44

Continuous IV Infusion is the Choice Treatment Route for Arginine-vasopressin Receptor Blocker Conivaptan in Mice to Study Stroke-evoked Brain Edema

Published on: September 1, 2016

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump
06:08

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

Published on: March 11, 2017

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
06:14

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: October 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder.
  • Hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia present significant clinical challenges.
  • Vasopressin plays a key role in water balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce tolvaptan as a novel therapeutic agent.
  • To highlight the FDA approval for specific hyponatremia types.

Main Methods:

  • Selective vasopressin V(2) receptor antagonism.

Main Results:

  • Tolvaptan was approved by the US FDA in May 2009.
  • Indicated for clinically significant hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia.

Conclusions:

  • Tolvaptan provides a targeted treatment for hyponatremia.
  • Represents a significant advancement in managing water balance disorders.