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A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
Published on: June 8, 2014
Atraumatic osteonecrosis after estrogen replacement therapy associated with low protein S level in a patient with
Kemal Ureten1, M Akif Ozturk, Ahmet Bostanci
1Department of Rheumatology (KU), Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Research and Educational Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. kemalureten@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Atraumatic osteonecrosis has been associated with a variety of clinical conditions including corticosteroid usage, alcoholism, infections, hyperbaric events, storage disorders, marrow-infiltrating diseases, coagulation defects, and some autoimmune diseases. Osteonecrosis due to thrombophilia is an extremely rare condition with only few cases reported previously in the literature. Hormone-replacement therapies cause increased risk of venous thrombosis, probably by causing a synergistic effect with inherited clotting defects. In this article, we report a young female with Turner syndrome, who developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head during treatment with oral estrogen, which was associated with low protein S levels.
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