Otomycosis: a retrospective study

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Mycology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external ear canal.
• Limited data exists on its prevalence in Brazil.
• Understanding otomycosis frequency and characteristics is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the frequency and characteristics of otomycosis in patients with clinical suspicion of external otitis.
• To identify predisposing factors and common symptoms associated with otomycosis.
• To determine the prevalent fungal species causing otomycosis in the study population.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective study with a transversal cohort design was conducted from 2000 to 2006.
• 103 patients underwent mycological diagnosis, including direct microscopic examination and culture.
• Data on patient demographics, symptoms, and predisposing factors were collected.

Main Results:

• Otomycosis was diagnosed in 19.4% of patients.
• The average age of affected patients was 23.5 years, with a higher incidence in women aged 2-20.
• Commonly isolated fungal species included Candida albicans (30%), Aspergillus niger (20%), and Candida parapsilosis (20%).
• Predisposing factors included chronic otitis, prior antibiotic use, and absence of cerumen.
• Symptoms reported were itching, otalgia, otorrhea, and hypoacusis.

Conclusions:

• Otomycosis is endemic in João Pessoa-PB, Brazil.
• Clinical examination alone is insufficient for diagnosis due to non-specific symptoms.
• Mycological studies are essential for accurate diagnosis and management of otomycosis.