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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Krista Lisdahl Medina1, Tim McQueeny, Bonnie J Nagel

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Chronic marijuana use in adolescents did not alter prefrontal cortex (PFC) volume overall. However, gender moderated effects, with female adolescent marijuana users showing larger PFC volumes and potential neurocognitive risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Adolescent Development
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Adult studies link chronic marijuana (MJ) use to frontal dysfunction.
  • Adolescent brain development differs, necessitating specific research in this age group.
  • Understanding MJ's impact on the developing brain is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize prefrontal cortex (PFC) morphometry in adolescents with chronic MJ use.
  • To investigate the effects of MJ use on PFC volume after a period of abstinence.
  • To explore potential gender differences in MJ's impact on adolescent PFC.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure PFC volumes in MJ users (n=16) and controls (n=16) aged 16-18.
  • Participants underwent 28 days of monitored abstinence prior to data collection.
  • Exclusion criteria ensured a focus on MJ effects, excluding co-morbid conditions.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in overall PFC volume between adolescent MJ users and controls after controlling for covariates.
  • A marginal gender interaction indicated larger PFC volumes in female MJ users and smaller volumes in male MJ users compared to same-gender controls.
  • PFC volume interacted with group status to predict executive functioning, with smaller volumes linked to better executive function in MJ users.

Conclusions:

  • Gender may moderate the relationship between chronic MJ use and PFC morphometry in adolescents.
  • Female adolescent MJ users with larger PFC volumes may face increased neurocognitive risks.
  • Further research is needed to differentiate gray/white matter and track neurodevelopmental trajectories.