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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Functional developmental changes underlying response inhibition and error-detection processes.

Wouter Braet1, Katherine A Johnson, Claire T Tobin

  • 1School of Psychology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Wouter.braet@gmail.com

Neuropsychologia
|August 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Young adolescents show distinct brain activity during response inhibition tasks compared to adults. These developmental differences in executive functions, particularly response inhibition and error processing, persist even with matched performance.

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Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition
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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition
08:55

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Published on: February 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Executive functions, including response inhibition and error processing, undergo significant neurodevelopmental changes throughout adolescence.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for explaining cognitive maturation and potential deficits in young individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectories of brain networks involved in response inhibition and error processing.
  • To compare functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns between young adolescents and adults during a sustained attention to response task (SART).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fMRI to capture brain activity during a SART.
  • Compared neural activation between young adolescents and adults performing the SART, focusing on successful and failed inhibitions.
  • Analyzed data with and without performance-matched groups to isolate developmental effects.

Main Results:

  • Young adolescents exhibited greater activation in frontal, parietal, and medial regions during successful inhibitions compared to adults.
  • Adults showed increased activation in regions like the parahippocampal gyrus, lingual gyri, insula, and cerebellum during failed inhibitions compared to adolescents.
  • These neural differences persisted even when participants were matched for task performance.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental differences in brain activation patterns underlie distinct executive functioning trajectories between adolescents and adults.
  • Neurodevelopmental changes in response inhibition and error monitoring networks contribute to the characteristic executive function profile of young adolescents.